Three Cs model指的是我們可以將所有cache miss歸類成三大類：

1. Compulsory misses

IPC:Message Queues:<sys/msg.h>

Two (or more) processes can exchange information via access to a common system message queue.

Shared Memory is an efficeint means of passing data between programs. One program will create a memory portion which other processes (if permitted) can access.

1. This is pipe2.c. It start rather like the first examples, up until we make the call to fork.
UNIX allows two ways of opening a pipe:

We have now began to see how multiple processes may be running on a machine and maybe be controlled (spawned by fork() by one of our programs.

In numerous applications there is clearly a need for these processes to communicate with each exchanging data or control information. There are a few methods which can accomplish this task. We will consider:

pac dsp頻率：264MHZ

The POSIX thread libraries are a standards based thread API for C/C++. It allows one to spawn a new concurrent process flow. It is most effective on multi-processor or multi-core systems where the process flow can be scheduled to run on another processor thus gaining speed through parallel or distributed processing.

Threads require less overhead than "forking" or spawning a new process because the system does not initialize a new system virtual memory space and environment for the process.

1. 載入BIOS (Basic Input Output System) 的硬體資訊與進行自我測試，依據設定取得第一個可開機的裝置 (CD-ROM, Hard disk, floopy)

2. 讀取並且執行第一個開機裝置內MBR (Master Boot Record)的boot loader (也就是grub , LILO, spfdisk...etc)

1. link_list_utils.c

Goal：

提供使用者在異質多核心平台上撰寫平行程式的API，以cell為例，在cell上撰寫程式是相對困難的 (MPMD Model) ，因此，實作MPI Standard以減低撰寫的困難度及移植程式的困難度